Volcker Rule in Trade

Introduction The Volcker Rule is a part of the planned laws of the United States that originated from the Federal Reserve former chairman and economist Paul Volcker. Volcker’s move was to create restrictions to banks from selfish investing mode that were not beneficial to their clients.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Volcker Rule in Trade specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Volcker, the speculative trade system by the banks greatly contributed in 2007-2008 Wall Street meltdown, which caused a big world recession. The Volcker Rule (ban on property trading) means that clients’ deposits are used as part of the banks’ account for making profits on currencies, stocks and bonds, derivatives, commodities and several other financial instruments (Wieland, 2012). Critics against Volcker Rule Following Cheyenne (2012) analysis from SIFMA, a representative of world financial institutions, such as Bank of America, Goldman Sachs and the Blackrock, sees this move as limited to judicial scrutiny as there is evidenced fail in conduction of the system’s cost benefit analysis. It is impractical to implement the proposal as its cost benefit analysis does not meet the securities and exchange standards as reflected in the commission rule. The proposals have several unfilled gaps on dealing in underwriting, market-making trades and hedging transactions (Cheyenne, 2012). The move is seen to neglect some loopholes, such as increase on fees. Marketing banks might resolve in charging higher fees onto the investors with the restriction of holding block inventories. This might become the most probable cushioning for the banks. On the other hand, in purchase of customers’ inventory and facilitation, the marketers might decide to regulate the prices, thus going for the lower prices. The length of time taken by the inventories might also result in additional fees charged (Beck , Wieland, 2008). Some bankers argue that The Volcker Rule may evidently result in job loses as it changes the trading pattern. Reduction in liquidity in the banks in the US securities and marketing field will lead to translocation of business enterprises to better fields outside the United States. As a result, employment will shift to those areas. The American banks’ securities and incomes employ many people internationally. On the other hand, both the non-covered entities and hedge funds were not proportioned to meet customers’ liquidity demands (Beltrame 2012). Supports to the Rule However, as per Quaadman’s (2012) article, it must be considered that the Volcker Rule was geared towards exploitation of the consumers as well as protection into any future economic crisis. As Volcker said before, it was not evident that the proposal would have impact on liquidity, and the arguments were just but superficial.Advertising Looking for essay on business economi cs? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More At the same time, trading in proprieties is a necessary part of not only commercial banks trading but also taxpayers’ support. Hence the banks generally have no strong grounds to critics on regarding the proposal. It is also clear that the issue actually played a critical part during the recession (Quaadman 2012) Clients and banks’ conflict may be reduced with the execution of the Volcker rule. Now, the banks constantly play an advisory role as well as a crediting one with their own clients which might mislead the customers towards the benefits of the banks. This is a move to ensure that the business environment between the bank and other sectors is well structured and healthy. Execution of the Volcker Rule may clarify the interrelationship between financial institutions and their customers (Quaadman 2012). Conclusion The Volcker Rule frightens bankers as they believe that once impl emented, it may create a tense trading environment. These banks have raised alarm on its tight policies and the urgency of implementation. Consequently, fears of increase in fees and interests to consumers are also expected. According to Volcker, ban property trading is not part of banks activities hence there is no basis for these counter arguments. Other groups believe that the Volcker Rule is the best rule in creating environment where customers as well as the trading organizations are protected. References Beck, G., Wieland, V. (2008). Central bank misperceptions and the role of money in interest rate rules. London: Centre for Economic Policy Research. Beltrame, J. (2012). Carney’s Intervention on Volcker rule draws fire from former IMF economist Canada: The Canadian Press. Web. Cheyenne, H. Silla, B. (2012).Volcker Rule Will Raise Risk, Costs for U.S. Financial System, Critics Say. Web.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Volcker Rule in Trade specif ically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Quaadman, T. (2012). A Volcker Rule Primer for Non-Financial Corporate Counsel U.S. Chamber of Commerce. USA: Metropolitan Corporate Counsel. Wieland, V. (2012). A new comparative approach to macroeconomic modeling and policy analysis. London: Centre for Economic Policy Research. 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Linear Regression Analysis; Women make less than men

Linear Regression Analysis; Women make less than men Free Online Research Papers Regression analysis is a statistical tool used to estimate the value of variable based on the value of another (University of Phoenix, 2004, p. 429). The goal of regression analysis is to determine the values of parameters for a function that cause the function to best fit a set of selected data observations. Team C will be using the data from our research to confirm the hypothesis. The team will be using the five-step hypothesis process to determine whether to reject or accept the null hypothesis. The analysis will assist by providing numerical data and facts. The analysis we will be using is the Linear Regression analysis. By the end of this research, Team C should be able to prove whether or not women make less money than men. Women today take on many roles and responsibilities. Not only do they work, but they also have other responsibilities in addition to their wife and motherly duties. Even with those increased responsibilities, women today hold some of the most top positions in the world and they have come this far through continuous education. According to Krefting, although women tend to go to school longer than men; they get educated in fields that don’t pay that much. Most women find jobs in childcare; hospitality; nursing; teaching; and; counseling. Men on the other hand are construction workers; engineers; sociologists; and firemen. Though men might not go to school to practice construction it may be just a talent that they have and they are paid a lot for it; but women have to work harder to move up in salary and in job positions (Krefting, 2003). Hypothesis Statement Based on the data sets, the hypothesis for our research shows is that men make higher salary than women. The data provides a comparison on income earnings based on men versus women with the influence of education. The data confirms the disproportion in income between the genders and education. By viewing the data, men’s salaries are substantially more on an annual basis. Even with the men and women having the same education levels, men are paid substantially more than the women with the same level of education. The data confirms the hypothesis that males with similar education levels make more money than women. The null hypothesis states that income depends on the gender and the mean salaries for women with a higher education still make less than a man with the same education level. The alternative hypothesis states that the income for women with a higher education is higher than the average income earnings of men with the same education level. The hypothesis is that women that have the same level of education as men and are given less pay for the same job position. Five-Step Hypothesis Test Regression Analysis Conclusion Team C has proven the hypothesis to be correct. The final decision is that women do make less money than men. This was proven through the data that we collected and analyzed through the numerical data shown. (Appendix I) The results show that even though women are educated and they may have masters and doctrines degrees, their male counterparts still make more money than they do on an annual basis. Although our hypothesis has been tested and results confirmed, the following questions are still unanswered. When will women be able to be on the same field as men? When will they be able to feel that they are equal in the workplace, and there is no favoritism present at work? Reference Longley, R. (n.d.).Why women still make less than men: Death, taxes, and a glass ceiling. Retrieved on May 25, 2009, from http://usgovinfo.about.com/cs/censusstatistic/a/womenspay.htm Dessler, G. (2004). A framework for human resource management (Third Edition). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Doan, D. Seward, L. (2007). Applied Statistics in Business and Economics. Burr Ridge, IL: McGraw-Hill. Retrieved May 24, 2009, from https://mycampus.phoenix.eduFouts, C. (2008). Krefting, L. (2003, March). Gender, work, and organization: Intertwined discourses of merit and gender: Evidence from academic employment in the USA. Retrieved May 31, 2009, from http://classroom.phoenix.edu/afm214/secure/viewattachment.jspa?ID=8414888messageID=41100199name=interwined discourses of merit and gender evidence.pdfview=inline StatPac Inc (1997-2009). The Statistics Calculator; Statistical Analysis Tests At Your Fingertips. Retrieved from the World Wide Web on June 8, 2009 at statpac.com/statistics-calculator/counts.htm Zoppo, G. (April 28, 2009). Why Are Women Still Earning Less Than Men? Retrieved from the World Wide Web on June 1, 2009 at diversityinc.com/public/5809.cfm. Appendix I Female Male Wage Comparison Data Table Wage Industry Occupation Ed South Nonwhite Hispanic Fe Ex Marr Age Union 11186 0 0 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 18 0 20852 0 0 12 1 0 0 0 1 0 19 0 10997 0 4 14 0 1 0 0 0 0 20 0 14476 0 5 12 0 0 0 1 3 1 21 0 13787 0 4 11 0 0 0 0 4 1 21 0 19452 0 4 13 0 1 0 0 3 0 22 0 16667 0 3 12 1 0 0 0 4 0 22 0 15234 0 1 12 1 0 1 1 4 0 22 0 39888 0 3 12 1 0 0 0 5 0 23 0 13162 1 0 12 0 1 0 0 6 0 24 1 20793 0 0 12 1 0 0 1 6 0 24 0 19284 1 4 16 0 0 0 0 3 0 25 0 13481 0 4 12 1 0 1 0 7 0 25 0 16789 0 3 13 1 0 0 1 6 1 25 0 11702 0 2 14 1 0 0 1 6 1 26 0 11451 1 0 12 0 0 0 1 8 1 26 0 33351 0 5 16 1 0 0 1 4 1 26 0 37771 0 5 15 0 0 0 0 5 0 26 0 25670 0 3 13 0 0 0 1 8 0 27 1 13312 0 4 12 1 0 0 1 9 1 27 0 29191 0 0 12 0 0 0 0 9 0 27 0 41780 0 0 12 1 0 0 0 9 1 27 0 29977 0 4 16 0 1 0 1 6 1 28 0 25166 0 4 12 0 0 0 1 10 0 28 0 30308 0 4 12 0 0 0 0 10 1 28 0 83443 0 5 17 0 0 0 1 5 0 28 0 15957 0 2 12 1 0 0 1 10 0 28 0 21716 0 5 12 0 0 0 1 11 0 29 0 33461 0 1 16 0 0 1 0 7 1 29 1 28219 0 3 12 1 0 0 0 12 1 30 0 31691 1 0 12 0 0 0 0 13 0 31 0 60626 0 5 18 0 0 0 0 7 1 31 0 52762 0 5 18 0 0 0 0 7 1 31 0 22133 0 5 16 0 0 0 1 10 0 32 1 32094 0 3 12 1 0 0 1 14 1 32 0 16796 0 4 12 0 0 0 1 14 1 32 0 35185 1 3 14 0 0 0 1 12 1 32 0 17690 0 1 12 1 1 0 0 14 1 32 0 15193 1 0 12 0 0 0 1 15 0 33 0 75165 0 1 15 0 0 0 0 12 1 33 0 19227 0 3 12 0 0 0 1 15 1 33 0 50235 1 0 16 0 0 0 0 12 1 34 0 44543 0 2 18 0 0 0 0 10 1 34 0 24509 0 5 14 0 0 1 1 15 0 35 0 29407 0 4 10 1 0 0 0 19 0 35 0 34746 0 3 14 1 0 0 1 15 1 35 0 68573 0 5 16 1 0 0 0 14 1 36 1 28168 1 0 13 0 0 0 0 17 0 36 0 18121 1 3 12 0 0 0 1 18 1 36 0 33498 0 1 10 0 0 0 0 20 1 36 0 29390 0 0 13 0 0 0 0 18 1 37 0 26614 1 0 12 0 0 0 1 19 1 37 0 33411 1 2 12 1 0 0 0 20 1 38 0 22485 0 3 12 0 0 0 0 22 0 40 0 83601 0 5 17 0 0 1 0 18 1 41 0 55777 0 1 14 1 0 0 0 21 1 41 0 21994 0 1 12 0 0 0 1 24 1 42 0 32138 0 4 14 0 0 0 0 22 1 42 1 13318 1 0 11 1 0 0 1 25 1 42 1 33389 0 1 14 0 1 0 0 22 0 42 0 50187 0 3 12 0 0 0 1 24 1 42 0 28440 0 4 12 0 0 0 1 24 1 42 0 37664 0 5 18 0 0 0 0 19 1 43 0 15013 0 4 16 0 0 0 0 21 1 43 0 30133 2 0 10 0 0 0 0 27 1 43 0 31799 0 3 12 0 0 0 1 25 0 43 0 29809 0 4 8 0 1 0 1 29 0 43 0 16817 0 3 12 1 0 0 1 26 0 44 0 66738 0 0 9 1 0 0 0 29 1 44 0 9879 0 3 12 1 0 0 1 28 1 46 0 34484 0 3 13 1 0 0 1 28 0 47 0 49974 1 1 16 0 1 0 0 26 1 48 1 31304 0 1 16 0 0 0 1 26 1 48 0 33959 0 5 17 0 0 0 1 26 1 49 1 30006 1 3 16 0 0 0 1 27 1 49 0 19306 0 5 9 1 1 0 1 34 1 49 1 11780 0 2 11 0 0 0 1 33 1 50 0 49898 2 0 12 0 0 0 0 33 1 51 1 17694 0 4 8 0 0 0 1 38 1 52 0 57623 0 1 15 0 0 0 0 31 1 52 0 83569 0 1 18 0 0 0 0 29 1 53 0 23027 0 4 14 0 1 0 0 34 1 54 1 32786 1 0 11 1 0 0 0 37 1 54 1 46646 2 0 5 1 0 0 0 44 1 55 0 20852 1 0 12 0 0 0 1 38 1 56 0 32235 0 3 12 0 0 0 1 38 1 56 0 19388 1 0 6 1 0 0 0 45 1 57 0 26820 0 5 18 0 0 0 0 33 0 57 1 26795 0 0 7 1 0 0 0 44 1 57 0 50171 0 5 12 0 0 0 0 39 1 57 1 31702 0 3 12 1 0 0 1 39 1 57 0 36178 0 3 12 0 0 0 1 40 1 58 0 15160 0 4 8 1 0 0 1 45 0 59 0 12285 0 1 12 0 0 0 1 42 1 60 0 60152 0 5 16 1 0 0 0 38 1 60 0 29736 0 4 8 0 0 1 0 47 1 61 1 45976 0 2 12 0 0 0 0 43 1 61 1 18752 0 4 11 0 0 0 1 45 0 62 1 17626 0 3 12 0 0 0 1 45 1 63 0 19981 0 4 4 0 0 0 0 54 1 64 0 Research Papers on Linear Regression Analysis; Women make less than menResearch Process Part OneInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseThe Fifth HorsemanIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementThree Concepts of Psychodynamic19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraStandardized Testing